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How to Pick the Right Motor Oil for Your Car
Given all the motor oil options out there, choosing the right oil for your car might seem like an impossibly daunting task. While there is a mountain of info to learn about the various oil choices, the first step is honestly quite simple: Look in the manual. Your car's owner's manual will list the recommended oil weight, whether that's a standard like 10W or something more unusual. Later on, we'll explain what that weight means and how you should adjust it based on the seasons.
But for now, choose an oil with the recommended weight from a brand that displays the starburst symbol that indicates the oil has been tested by the American Petroleum Institute API. In addition, there's a two-character service designation on the container. API's latest service standard is "SL. Next, you need to choose the viscosity thickness that's suitable for the temperatures your vehicle normally operates in again, check your owners manual.
These are the labels you'll find on every container of reputable motor oil. The starburst symbol on the left indicates that the oil has passed the tests listed for SL service.
Viscosity means a fluid's resistance to flow. In motor oil, it's rated at zero degrees Fahrenheit represented by the number preceding the "W" [for winter] and at degrees represented by the second number in the viscosity designation. Motor oil thins as it heats and thickens as it cools. So, with the right additives to help it resist thinning too much, an oil can be rated for one viscosity when cold, another when hot.
The more resistant it is to thinning, the higher the second number 10W versus 10W, for example , and that's good. Within reason, thicker oil generally seals better and maintains a better film of lubrication between moving parts. At the low-temperature end, oil has to be resistant to thickening so that it flows more easily to all the moving parts in your engine.
Also, if the oil is too thick, the engine requires more energy to turn the crankshaft, which is partly submerged in a bath of oil. Excessive thickness can make it harder to start the engine, which reduces fuel economy. A 5W oil is typically what's recommended for winter use. However, synthetic oils can be formulated to flow even more easily when cold, so they are able to pass tests that meet the 0W rating. Once the engine is running, the oil heats up. The second number in the viscosity rating—the "40" in 10W, for example—tells you that the oil will stay thicker at high temperatures than one with a lower second number—the "30" in 10W, for example.
What's really important is that you use the oil viscosity your car's owner's manual recommends. In addition, you'll see a wide selection of viscosities. If you read your owner's manual, you'll know what the car manufacturer recommends for a brand-new vehicle.
The manual may include a reference to Energy Conserving oils, which simply means that the oil has passed a lab test against a reference oil. It's no guarantee of better fuel economy, but most of the leading brands have at least some viscosities that are so labeled. Let's take a look at the different types. Premium Conventional Oil : This is the standard new-car oil. All leading brands have one for service level SL, available in several viscosities.
The carmakers usually specify a 5W or 5W oil, particularly for lower temperatures, with a 10W oil as optional, particularly for higher ambient temperatures. These three ratings cover just about every light-duty vehicle on the road. Even more important, though, is changing the oil and filter regularly. The absolute minimum is twice a year. If your car has an electronic oil-change indicator on the instrument cluster, don't exceed its warning. If these oils pass stringent special tests indicated by their labeling , it means they have superior, longer-lasting performance in all the critical areas, from viscosity index to protection against deposits.
They flow better at low temperatures and maintain peak lubricity at high temperatures. So why shouldn't everyone use them? Answer: These oils are expensive and not every engine needs them. In fact, there may be some features that your car's engine needs that the synthetics don't have. Again, follow your owner's manual. Synthetic Blend Oil : These have a dose of synthetic oil mixed with organic oil, and overall are formulated to provide protection for somewhat heavier loads and high temperatures.
This generally means they're less volatile, so they evaporate far less, which reduces oil loss and increases fuel economy. And they're a lot less expensive than full synthetics, maybe just pennies more than a premium conventional oil.
Higher-Mileage Oil : Today's vehicles last longer, and if you like the idea of paying off the car and running the mileage well into six figures, you have another oil choice, those formulated for higher-mileage vehicles. Almost two-thirds of the vehicles on the road have more than 75, miles on the odometer. So the oil refiners have identified this as an area of customer interest, and have new oils they're recommending for these vehicles.
It's about this time that you need to add a quart more often than when the vehicle was new. Crankshaft seals may have hardened and lost their flexibility, so they leak particularly at low temperatures and may crack.
The higher-mileage oils are formulated with seal conditioners that flow into the pores of the seals to restore their shape and increase their flexibility. In most cases, rubber seals are designed to swell just enough to stop leaks. But the oil refiners pick their "reswelling" ingredients carefully.
Valvoline showed us the performance data of one good seal conditioner that swelled most seal materials, but actually reduced the swelling of one type that tended to swell excessively from the ingredients found in some other engine oils. You also may have noticed some loss of performance and engine smoothness as a result of engine wear on your higher-mileage vehicle.
These higher-mileage oils also have somewhat higher viscosities. Even if the numbers on the container don't indicate it, there's a fairly wide range for each viscosity rating and the higher-mileage oils sit at the top of each range.
They also may have more viscosity-index improvers in them. The result? They seal piston-to-cylinder clearances better and won't squeeze out as readily from the larger engine bearing clearances.
They also may have a higher dose of antiwear additives to try to slow the wear process. If you have an older vehicle, all of these features may mean more to you than what you might get from a full synthetic, and at a fraction the price.
Resistance to thinning with increasing temperature is called viscosity index. And although a higher second number is good, the oil also has to be robust. That is, it must be able to last for thousands of miles until the next oil change. For example, oil tends to lose viscosity from shear, the sliding motion between close-fitted metal surfaces of moving parts such as bearings. So resistance to viscosity loss shear stability is necessary to enable the oil to maintain the lubricating film between those parts.
Unlike antifreeze, 95 percent of which is made up of one base chemical typically ethylene glycol , petroleum-type engine oil contains a mixture of several different types of base oil, some more expensive than others. Oil companies typically pick from a selection of five groups, each of which is produced in a different way and in different viscosities.
The more expensive groups are more highly processed, in some cases with methods that produce a lubricant that can be classified as a synthetic. The so-called full synthetics contain chemicals that may be derived from petroleum but they're altered so much that they're not considered natural oil anymore. Our custom blend contained 10 percent polyalphaolefins PAO , the type of chemical that's often the primary ingredient in a full synthetic. The base oil package in any oil makes up anywhere from 70 to 95 percent of the mix; the rest is composed of additives.
Does that mean an oil with just 70 percent base oils is better than one with 95 percent? No, because some of the base oils have natural characteristics or ones that derive from their processing, which reduces or eliminates the need for additives.
And although some additives make important contributions to lubrication, by themselves they don't necessarily have great lubricity. The ingredients in an additive package differ in cost, as we said, but price is just one factor. Some work better in certain combinations of base oils, and some of the less-expensive base oils are a good choice for a blend because of the way they perform with popular additives. Bottom line: Every motor oil has a recipe.
Refiners come up with a list of objectives based on the needs of their customers the carmakers, for example and formulate oil to meet those goals as best they can. Now, keeping an oil from thinning as it gets hot while it takes a beating from engine operation is one thing. But it's also important to keep oil from getting too thick.
Using premium base oils for low volatility—to prevent evaporation—is one approach. Evaporation of the base oil package not only increases oil consumption, it results in thicker oil which decreases fuel economy. Use of additives is another approach to improving and maintaining oil performance. High engine temperatures combine with moisture, combustion byproducts including unburned gasoline , rust, corrosion, engine-wear particles, and oxygen to produce sludge and varnish.
The additives not only assist oil in maintaining good lubrication, they also help minimize sludge and varnish, and any damage from their formation. Here are the categories of key additive ingredients and why they're important:.
They do remove some deposits, primarily solids. But their main purpose is to keep the surfaces clean by inhibiting the formation of high-temperature deposits, rust, and corrosion. Some additives work both as detergents and dispersants. A zinc and phosphorus compound called ZDDP is a long-used favorite, along with other phosphorus and sulphur compounds.
If you musts know, ZDDP stand for zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate. They reduce engine friction and, so, can improve fuel economy. Graphite, molybdenum, and other compounds are used.
Oil contains wax particles that can congeal and reduce flow, so these additives are used to prevent it. Some of the additives that perform other functions also serve this purpose, such as the antiwear agents. Oil foam is not as effective a lubricant as a full-liquid stream, so the inhibitors are used to cause the foam bubbles to collapse. You can't necessarily improve an oil by putting in more additives.
Our vegetable oil refinery can process up to 6 different types of oils by using such processes as degumming, neutralizing, bleaching and deodorizing. Premium Oils company is a vertically integrated vegetable oil refinery, mainly focusing on production of tropical oils such as coconut oil, palm kernel oil, as well.
Portable and pre-portioned premium oils for your daily dose of healthy fats. Thoroughly researched and tested, our oils are also raw and natural, with the exception of MCT Oil, which undergoes fractionation to distill and concentrate the C8 and C10 components. Our oil pouches are easy to carry around in your pocket, throw in your purse, or keep in a desk drawer.
Lavender oil is distilled from the lavender flower. This rich floral essential oil is used to ease anxiety and insomnia.
Given all the motor oil options out there, choosing the right oil for your car might seem like an impossibly daunting task. While there is a mountain of info to learn about the various oil choices, the first step is honestly quite simple: Look in the manual. Your car's owner's manual will list the recommended oil weight, whether that's a standard like 10W or something more unusual.
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